English 895: Instructional Tool Review



Blackboard Chat
 
While Blackboard may frustrate many college teachers across disciplines because of its limited customizability, Blackboard is also a fact of life for many of us who are required to use it by our institutions.  Blackboard is currently the most popular and widely-used LMS in colleges in the U.S. (Falvo and Johnson 44).  At Northern Virginia Community College where I teach, Blackboard is also the platform required for hybrid courses and courses in the Extended Learning Institute (ELI) for online distance learning.  So whether we like it or not, Blackboard is an inescapable fact of life.

Some of the drawbacks to LMS’s like Blackboard include emphasizing “the passing along of information rather than promoting learning” and promoting “a model in which teachers generate the content they decide is appropriate, gather resources, group information into weekly portions or modules, and give the information to students” (Norton and Hathaway 476).  Despite its drawbacks, some research has also demonstrated that Blackboard can benefit student learning through higher exam scores and overall GPAs of students who use it extensively (DeNeui and Dodge 256-258).  In other studies, students have reported preferring to submit assignments and check course grades online (Buzzetto-More 131).

Since I must use Blackboard for my online writing courses, I decided to try out one of its features that I haven’t used before: the Chat feature.  In an otherwise asynchronous learning environment in my online composition courses, the Chat is often promoted as a way to hold virtual office hours where students can ask real-time questions and receive immediate replies instead of relying on the usual email queries alone.  While most of my students seem content with asking questions asynchronously via email, a few students have expressed frustration that it may take up to 24 hours to get a response to their questions (and sometimes even longer on weekends). 

With Chat, students can log in and open a Chat session during a synchronous set time to pose questions and get immediate responses from the instructor.  Other possible uses of Chat include holding synchronous class discussions or even one-on-one chat conferences with students about their writing.  For this review, I will focus mainly on using Chat for virtual office hours and online conferencing. 

After doing some research and experimenting with this tool, I think it is a useful way for online writing instructors to hold synchronous virtual office hours when they are required to use Blackboard anyway, but some technical issues may need to be sorted out in order to use it more effectively.  Also, not all students will be able to participate equally, and other alternatives, including Google Docs, may be more appropriate for certain uses.

Overall, the Blackboard Chat feature is relatively easy to find and learn to use.  Step by step instructions for how to use Chat can be found in the Blackboard Help manual in the Tools section of any Blackboard course site.  Chat sessions can be created by instructors or joined by students by going through “Tools” to “Collaboration.”  It is set up in a way that is similar to other IM or Chat applications and includes basic, standard features of synchronous Chats, including the ability to record sessions, send private messages, virtually raise hands, etc.

Blackboard Chat displays the benefits of chats but also the drawbacks.  Some of the benefits of similar chat applications that have been documented by scholars include offering students more comfort in interactions when compared to a large lecture class, interactive engagement with the course content, and accommodation for a variety of learning styles (Larkin and Belson 23).  Other benefits of Blackboard Chat include allowing for real-time interaction despite geographical distance, creating a conversational flow similar to face-to-face discussion in a traditional classroom, and recording the conversation for later review (“Blackboard”).  Some of the challenges and drawbacks of Chat are that controlling conversational flow can be difficult, sometimes leading to disorganization, keeping up with the pace of typing can be hard for some users, and participating can be more difficult for ESL students, poor typists, and learning-disabled students (“Blackboard”).  While the synchronous nature of the chat can be a benefit when it comes to promoting interaction and discussion, when some users type too slowly, the conversation may have already moved on, leaving them feeling frustrated and left out of the conversation, which can undermine a sense of community and belonging (Tucker 345).

As far as chats go, Blackboard Chat is nothing special, but the biggest problem with Chat may be its common technical difficulties and limitations.  It also is not very customizable.  While it offers the basic features of most other IM or chat programs, it doesn’t offer anything new beyond the basic expectations of the format.  Mac users may have a hard time with Chat because it suggests using Internet Explorer for maximum compatibility, and it is not compatible with Mac’s Safari browser, nor does it fully support Firefox.  As a Mac user, I was only able to use Chat with Google Chrome.  In my own experience, one student who wanted to participate in a Chat session was unable to because she only had Safari on a Mac.  Also, Java must be enabled for its use, and some students in an asynchronous Blackboard-based course may have problems with this as well.  For all of these reasons, I would not require its use, nor would I attempt to hold a full-class discussion in Chat.  Missouri State’s Blackboard experts perhaps put it best when they announced on their page explaining Blackboard Chat:  “ATTENTION!  We do not advise using Blackboard Chat as it seems to have some technical issues. Use Wimba Pronto instead” (“Using”).

After experimenting with this tool in my class and doing some research, I think the best uses for Blackboard Chat in an asynchronous course are virtual office hours or one-on-one student conferences by appointment.  Some online instructors may be required by their institutions to hold virtual office hours using chat, and if so, this wouldn’t be such a bad thing.  But office hours by appointment with individual students or a small number of students seems more practical because then the Chat could be scheduled for a time that would best accommodate interested students.  After heavily promoting an optional weekday-evening Chat session through Blackboard announcements and emails to students, including step-by-step instructions on how to use it, I was disappointed that no students ended up participating, and I was left to monitor my multiple Chat windows for an hour.  Maybe more students would have participated if it had been set up at a time to accommodate only interested students.

Because the rest of my course is asynchronous, some students will like the real-time Chat option and be comfortable with its format, while others would prefer not to have to think and type on the spot.  With popularity of texting and IM communication tools, many younger students in my courses may like to participate in a Chat session with me.  Most of the students of mine who had expressed the most interest in my Chat session were younger.  I also have many older, less chat-savvy students who may feel less comfortable with this option.  I think many students will still prefer to send questions via email, which they can do at any time of day or night, and most of them have seemed to be satisfied with the promptness of my responses. 

While Blackboard Chat has some practical uses for online writing instructors, other online tools, including Google applications like Google Docs, would be more appropriate in many situations.  In addition to virtual office hours and individual chat conferences in which students can ask me questions, I had thought of the possibility of using Blackboard Chat to have a one-on-one conference to discuss a student essay—similarly to in a F2F class.  It would be possible for both teacher and student to open a student’s essay on each end and chat to discuss the essay, but thinking through this scenario highlighted for me the fact that Google Docs would be far superior for this use.  My institution, like many other colleges, provides students with Google email, and they thus have access to Google Docs.  An instructor could share a student’s draft with them via Google Docs, and then instructor and student could chat about the document in the Google Docs chat while simultaneously underlining, highlighting, or typing comments in various colors on the shared document viewed by both participants.  I can even imagine a student attempting to revise passages at the instructor’s suggestion and getting immediate feedback this way.  Blackboard does not offer anything comparable at this time.  Another Google application that I have not tried yet may also be more useful than Blackboard Chat: Google Wave.  Not only does Google Wave allow both synchronous and asynchronous communication, but one recent study found that students wrote longer, more complex, and reflective responses in Google Wave compared to Chat (Jones 54).  Wimba Pronto is another Blackboard-owned application that may offer superior features to Chat.

So while Blackboard Chat is nothing special compared with other applications out there, it does have some practical uses for students and instructors of online writing courses that already have to use Blackboard anyway.


Works Cited



“Blackboard Chat.”  Tools: Teaching with Technology. Loyola University, n.d.
      Web. 4 June 2012. <http://sites.google.com/site/luctwtguide/tools/
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Buzzetto-More, Nicole A. "Student Perceptions Of Various E-Learning
     Components." Interdisciplinary Journal Of Knowledge & Learning Objects
     4 (2008): 113-135. Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 June 2012.

DeNeui, Daniel L., and Tiffany L. Dodge. "Asynchronous Learning Networks
     And Student Outcomes: The Utility Of Online Learning Components In
     Hybrid Courses." Journal Of Instructional Psychology 33.4 (2006): 256-259.
     Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 June 2012.

Falvo, David A., and Ben F. Johnson. "The Use Of Learning Management
     Systems In The United States." Techtrends: Linking Research & Practice To
     Improve Learning 51.2 (2007): 40-45. Academic Search Complete. Web. 4
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Jones, Linda.  “Interaction in Google Wave Sends Chat Rooms Out with the
     Tide.” Computer-Enhanced and Mobile-Assisted Language Learning:
     Emerging Issues and TrendsIGI Global, 2012.  35-55. Web. 5 Jun. 2012.

Larkin, Teresa L., and Sarah Irvine Belson. "Blackboard Technologies: A Vehicle
      To Promote Student Motivation And Learning In Physics." Journal Of STEM
      Education: Innovations & Research 6.1/2 (2005): 14-27. Academic Search
      Complete. Web. 4 June 2012.

Norton, Priscilla, and Dawn Hathaway. "Exploring Two Teacher Education
     Online Learning Designs: A Classroom Of One Or Many?." Journal Of
     Research On Technology In Education 40.4 (2008): 475-495. Academic
     Search Complete. Web. 4 June 2012.

Tucker, Shelia Y. “The Concept of Social Presence in Distance Education.”
      American Institute of Higher Education 6th International Conference
      Proceedings.  Charleston, SC. 6-8 Apr. 2011. 345-356. Web. 5 Jun. 2012.

“Using Blackboard Chat.”  Expert Documentation for Faculty.  Missouri State
      University. 10 May 2011. Web. 4 June 2012 <https://experts.missouristate.edu/
      display/bb9/ Using+Blackboard+Chat>.

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